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                    Introduction
            
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                    第零章：实验环境说明
            
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                    第一章：独立式可执行程序
            
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                    使用包管理器 cargo 创建 rust binary 项目
            
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                    [移除 runtime 依赖]
            
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                    第二章：最小化内核
            
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                    使用目标三元组描述目标平台
            
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                    编译、生成内核镜像
            
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                    使用链接脚本指定内存布局
            
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                    [重写程序入口点 -start]
            
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                    [使用 Qemu 运行内核]
            
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                    封装 SBI 接口
            
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                    [实现格式化输出]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第三章：中断
            
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                    rv64 中断介绍
            
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                    [手动触发断点中断]
            
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                    程序运行上下文环境
            
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                    [实现上下文环境保存与恢复]
            
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                    [时钟中断]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第四章：内存管理
            
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                    [物理内存探测与管理]
            
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                    [动态内存分配]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第五章：内存虚拟化
            
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                    页表：从虚拟内存到物理内存
            
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                    [内核初始映射]
            
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                    内核重映射
            
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                    内核重映射实现之一：页表
            
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                    内核重映射实现之二：MemorySet
            
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                    [内核重映射实现之三：完结]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第六章：内核线程
            
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                    线程状态与保存
            
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                    线程切换
            
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                    内核线程初始化
            
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                    [内核线程创建与切换测试]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第七章：线程调度
            
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                    线程池与线程管理
            
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                    内核调度线程 idle
            
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                    线程调度之 Round Robin 算法
            
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                    [线程调度测试]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第八章：进程
            
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                    [编写用户程序]
            
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                    合并内核与应用程序
            
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                    在内核中实现系统调用
            
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                    创建虚拟内存空间
            
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                    [创建进程]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第九章：文件系统
            
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                    [使用文件系统]
            
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                    [实现记事本]
            
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                    [实现终端]
            
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                    [文件读写]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第十章：同步互斥
            
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                    练习题
            
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                    1. 中断异常
            
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                    2. 物理内存管理
            
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                    3. 虚拟内存管理
            
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                    4. 线程管理
            
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                    5. 用户进程（+ 虚拟内存管理 + 线程管理）
            
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                    6. CPU 调度
            
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                    7. 同步互斥
            
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                    8. 文件系统
            
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                    附录
            
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                    内联汇编
            
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                    安装 rust
            
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</ul>
<h3 id="elf-&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x4E0E;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;">ELF &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x4E0E;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;</h3>
<p>&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x80FD;&#x8BA9;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x8D77;&#x6765;&#xFF0C;&#x5185;&#x6838;&#x9996;&#x5148;&#x8981;&#x7ED9;&#x5B83;&#x5206;&#x914D;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#xFF0C;&#x5373;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x4F9B;&#x5B83;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x8981;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x5185;&#x6838;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x5B83;&#x6240;&#x5728;&#x7684;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x4E5F;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x5185;&#x6838;&#x7684;&#x5404;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x6BB5;&#x548C;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x6BB5;&#x3002;</p>
<p>ELF &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E0E;&#x53EA;&#x542B;&#x6709;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x548C;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7684;&#x7EAF;&#x4E8C;&#x8FDB;&#x5236;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x624B;&#x52A8;&#x53BB;&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x6765;&#x83B7;&#x5F97;&#x5404;&#x6BB5;&#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;&#x6240;&#x5E78;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#xFF0C; rust &#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x6709; <code>crate xmas-elf</code>&#x5E2E;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E86;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x70B9;&#x3002;</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>[info]ELF &#x6267;&#x884C;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;</strong></p>
<p>ELF(Executable and Linking Format)&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x662F; Linux &#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E0B;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x5E38;&#x7528;&#x76EE;&#x6807;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;(object file)&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x6709;&#x4E09;&#x79CD;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x5173;&#x6CE8;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x53EF;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;(Executable File)&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;&#x53EF;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;/&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#xFF0C;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x5E03;&#x5C40;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x7B49;&#x3002; &#x8FD9;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x672C;&#x5B9E;&#x9A8C;&#x7684; OS &#x548C;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3002;&#x53EF;&#x53C2;&#x8003;<a href="https://wiki.osdev.org/ELF" target="_blank">ELF &#x63CF;&#x8FF0;</a>&#x8FDB;&#x4E00;&#x6B65;&#x4E86;&#x89E3;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;</p>
</blockquote>
<p>&#x5BF9; ELF &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x4E0E;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7684;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x51FA; ELF &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5173;&#x952E;&#x7684;&#x6BB5;&#xFF08;&#x5982; code &#x6BB5;&#x3001;data &#x6BB5;&#x3001;BSS &#x6BB5;&#x7B49;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x628A;&#x6BB5;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x5230;&#x6BB5;&#x8BBE;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x597D;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5BF9;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x7684;<a href="../chapter5/part5.html"><code>MemorySet</code> &#x548C; <code>MemoryArea</code></a> &#x7684;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#x3002;&#x5177;&#x4F53;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<h3 id="&#x89E3;&#x6790;-elf-&#x6587;&#x4EF6;">&#x89E3;&#x6790; ELF &#x6587;&#x4EF6;</h3>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-rust"><span class="token comment">// src/process/structs.rs</span>
<span class="token keyword">trait</span> <span class="token class-name">ElfExt</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">make_memory_set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">MemorySet</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// &#x7ED9;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;ELF&#x53EF;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">ElfExt</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ElfFile</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&apos;_</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">make_memory_set</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">MemorySet</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token comment">// MemorySet::new()&#x7684;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E2D;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x6620;&#x5C04;&#x4E86;&#x5185;&#x6838;&#x5404;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x3001;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x6BB5;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;&#x7269;&#x7406;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x6BB5;</span>
        <span class="token comment">// &#x4E8E;&#x662F;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EA;&#x9700;&#x63A5;&#x4E0B;&#x6765;&#x6620;&#x5C04;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5404;&#x6BB5;&#x5373;&#x53EF;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> memory_set <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">MemorySet</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">for</span> ph <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">program_iter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token comment">// &#x904D;&#x5386;&#x5404;&#x6BB5;&#x5E76;&#x4F9D;&#x6B21;&#x5C1D;&#x8BD5;&#x63D2;&#x5165; memory_set</span>
            <span class="token keyword">if</span> ph<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_type</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Type</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Load</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                <span class="token keyword">continue</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
            <span class="token keyword">let</span> vaddr <span class="token operator">=</span> ph<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">virtual_addr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">let</span> mem_size <span class="token operator">=</span> ph<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">mem_size</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">let</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">match</span> ph<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_data</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                <span class="token class-name">SegmentData</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Undefined</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> data<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
                _ <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token macro property">unreachable!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token comment">// &#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x5728;&#x63D2;&#x5165;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; MemoryArea &#x65F6;&#x8FD8;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x590D;&#x5236;&#x6570;&#x636E;</span>
            <span class="token comment">// &#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C06; MemorySet &#x7684;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x7565;&#x4F5C;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x4E3A;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x6E90;</span>
            memory_set<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
                vaddr<span class="token punctuation">,</span>   vaddr <span class="token operator">+</span> mem_size<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
                ph<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">flags</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">to_attr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">//&#x5C06;elf&#x6BB5;&#x7684;&#x6807;&#x5FD7;&#x8F6C;&#x5316;&#x4E3A;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x719F;&#x6089;&#x7684; MemoryAttr</span>
                <span class="token class-name">ByFrame</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
                <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_ptr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">len</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        memory_set
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">...</span><span class="token punctuation">...</span>
</code></pre>
<h3 id="&#x3000;&#x5EFA;&#x7ACB;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;">&#x3000;&#x5EFA;&#x7ACB;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;</h3>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5BF9; <a href="../chapter5/part5.html"><code>MemorySet</code> &#x548C; <code>MemoryArea</code></a> &#x7684;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x7565;&#x4F5C;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-rust"><span class="token comment">// src/memory/memory_set/mod.rs</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">MemorySet</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">...</span>
    <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> start<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> end<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> attr<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">MemoryAttr</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> handler<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">MemoryHandler</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> data<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Option</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">...</span>
        <span class="token keyword">let</span> area <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">MemoryArea</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>start<span class="token punctuation">,</span> end<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Box</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>handler<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> attr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token comment">// &#x9996;&#x5148;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6620;&#x5C04;</span>
        area<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>page_table<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> data <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token comment">// &#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F20;&#x5165;&#x4E86;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x6E90;</span>
            <span class="token comment">// &#x4EA4;&#x7ED9; area &#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x590D;&#x5236;</span>
            area<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">page_copy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>page_table<span class="token punctuation">,</span> src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>areas<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>area<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">...</span><span class="token punctuation">...</span>

<span class="token comment">// src/memory/memory_set/area.rs</span>
<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">MemoryArea</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">...</span>
    <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">page_copy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pt<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token class-name">PageTableImpl</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> length<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> l <span class="token operator">=</span> length<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> s <span class="token operator">=</span> src<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">for</span> page <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token class-name">PageRange</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>start<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>end<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token comment">// &#x4EA4;&#x7ED9; MemoryHandler &#x9010;&#x9875;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x590D;&#x5236;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>handler<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">page_copy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>pt<span class="token punctuation">,</span> page<span class="token punctuation">,</span> s<span class="token punctuation">,</span> l<span class="token punctuation">...</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            s <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token constant">PAGE_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">if</span> l <span class="token operator">&gt;=</span> <span class="token constant">PAGE_SIZE</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> l <span class="token operator">-=</span> <span class="token constant">PAGE_SIZE</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
     <span class="token punctuation">...</span><span class="token punctuation">...</span>
<span class="token comment">// src/memory/memory_set/handler.rs</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">trait</span> <span class="token class-name">MemoryHandler</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Debug</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&apos;static</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">...</span>
    <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">page_copy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pt<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token class-name">PageTableImpl</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> va<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> length<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">MemoryHandler</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">Linear</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">...</span>
    <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">page_copy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pt<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token class-name">PageTableImpl</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> va<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> length<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">let</span> pa <span class="token operator">=</span> pt<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get_entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>va<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">...</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">unsafe</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">let</span> dst <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">core<span class="token punctuation">::</span>slice<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">from_raw_parts_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>va<span class="token punctuation">...</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">if</span> length <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                <span class="token keyword">let</span> src <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">core<span class="token punctuation">::</span>slice<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">from_raw_parts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>src<span class="token punctuation">...</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>length <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> src<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
            <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> length<span class="token punctuation">..</span><span class="token constant">PAGE_SIZE</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> dst<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">MemoryHandler</span> <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token class-name">ByFrame</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">...</span>
    <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">page_copy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> pt<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token class-name">PageTableImpl</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> va<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> src<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> length<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">//&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;fn page_copy() in mpl MemoryHandler for Linear</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">...</span><span class="token punctuation">...</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// src/memory/paging.rs</span>
<span class="token comment">// &#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x6709;&#x4E24;&#x5904;&#x8981;&#x6539;&#x6210; pub &#xFF0C;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x4E0D;&#x5FC5;&#x505A;&#x6539;&#x52A8;</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">struct</span> <span class="token type-definition class-name">PageEntry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&apos;static</span> <span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token class-name">PageTableEntry</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token class-name">Page</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">impl</span> <span class="token class-name">PageTableImpl</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">...</span>
    <span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">get_entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> va<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Option</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token class-name">PageEntry</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">let</span> page <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Page</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">of_addr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">VirtAddr</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token function">new</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>va<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token class-name">Ok</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>page_table<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ref_entry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>page<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">clone</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">let</span> e <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">unsafe</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token operator">*</span><span class="token keyword">mut</span> <span class="token class-name">PageTableEntry</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>entry <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">PageEntry</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">,</span> page<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token class-name">Some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">self</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>entry<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">as_mut</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">unwrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token class-name">None</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">...</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x7531;&#x4E8E; <code>MemorySet::push</code> &#x7684;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8981;&#x5C06; <code>ElfExt::make_memory_set</code> &#x4E4B;&#x5916;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709; <code>push</code> &#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x5747;&#x52A0;&#x4E0A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; <code>None</code> &#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4ECE; <code>ElfFile</code> &#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;&#x865A;&#x62DF;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x4E86;&#x3002;</p>
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